The Biochemistry of Treatment (pg 8)

VII. SUPEROXIDE SCAVENGERS

Superoxide radical is also produced, forming a second superoxide vicious cycle (see chemical diagram). To prevent this tissue damaging cycle, superoxide scavengers are needed. Grape seed proanthocyanidin has shown scavenging ability.⁷⁷ This protocol uses the same brand (Activin) shown effective in research.⁷⁷ Catechins have also shown superoxide scavenging ability in multiple studies,^78,79,80,81 with(-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) likely the most effective.⁸¹ Catechins also reduce peroxynitrite radical damage.⁷⁸ These catechins are a form of flavinoids. Silimarin, discussed above, also helps with superoxide scavenging by improving function of the body’s defense mechanism, superoxide dismutase (SOD).^82,83 Vitamins C and E also have some superoxide protection.^77,78 Folate also reduces superoxide by stabilizing nitric oxide (reducing excess enzyme nitric oxide synthase).⁴⁶

VIII. REDUCING NMDA ACTIVATION AND IMPROVING GABA FUNCTION

Taurine helps make GABA⁸⁴ (GABA calms NMDA excess). Taurine reduces breakdown of the relaxing brain messenger GABA.⁸⁵ It also binds to GABA, increasing the brain calming GABA effect.⁸⁶ Improving GABA function reduces these vicious cycles (neural sensitization) and also improves sleep. It is taken in the evening without protein for better adsorption and sleep.

Bioactive vitamin B6 (pyridoxal-5-phosphate) lowers excess NMDA activity. It can do this in two ways. It helps convert glutamine (excitotoxic) to GABA, a relaxing neurotransmitter (nerve messenger substance). It thus protects nerve cells from damage of glutamate.⁸⁷ It also helps convert cysteine (which can be excitotoxic) to taurine (which is calming). Pyridoxal-5-phosphate, the bioactive form, is more effective than other forms of B6.⁸⁸ The bioactive form is used in this chemical injury treatment (neural protocol).

IX.  ENERGY/MITOCHONDRIA FUNCTION

Acetyl-L-carnitine is more active than L-carnitine⁸⁹ and it enters cells, including brain/nerve cells. It helps energy metabolism.⁹⁰ This helps provide adequate energy needed for reducing the excess NMDA over-activation.^91,92   Thus acetyl carnitine is needed to stop the vicious cycles and allow healing from chemical injury.
Ample manganese is used because this helps the protective enzyme SOD that works in the energy-generating mitochondria.

Thiamine, Riboflavin (discussed above), bioactive niacin as niacinamide, lipoic acid, chromium,⁹³ and magnesium are all also needed for normal energy metabolism. Coenzyme Q10 is essential to protect the energy mitochondria from free radical damage and needed for energy structure (mitochondrial) repair.⁹⁴   Molybdenum also helps make energy and helps the body detoxify (get rid of chemicals).⁹³

Bibliography: Neural Sensitization: The Key to Medical Treatment

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